Cultivation of Human Tissues in Vitro
نویسنده
چکیده
In 1910 Carrel and Burrows reported the successful cultivation in vitro of a human sarcoma. They used as a culture medium plasma from the patient from whom the tumor was removed, and observed an active migration of cells during several days' incubation. No subcultures were made. In subsequent attempts to cultivate human tissue Carrel experienced considerable difficulty owing apparently to the liquefaction of the clotted plasma medium. He noted, as did also Lambert and Hanes, Maccabruni, 4 and others, that within 24 hours a clear liquefaction zone appears around each tissue fragment, and that after a few days the entire fibrin clot becomes liquefied. Unless the cells wander out early they find no framework upon which to grow. Losee and Ebeling ' 6 attempted various modifications of human plasma with the object of preventing liquefaction, but were unsuccessful. However, by diluting the plasma with Ringer's solution, which seemed to delay digestion, and by making transfers of the tissue fragment to fresh plasma every 24 to 48 hours, they were able in a few instances to propagate human connective tissue cells obtained from fetuses through a number of subcultures, in one case as long as 60 days. They attributed their success in part to the addition of tissue extracts to the medium, as recommended by Carrel. They emphasized the shortcomings of
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